7 Reasons Why Slowing Down At Work Is a Good Idea

7 Reasons Why Slowing Down At Work Is a Good Idea You might think the best and most productive worker in the room is the one balancing 17 tasks at once and zooming up and down the halls, but you’d be wrong! It turns out that sometimes the smartest and most successful people are the ones who ease up on the throttle, turn down the pace, and work more slowly and mindfully. Here are just a few ways how a  slower approach to work can pay off hugely in the long run.1. You need more time than you think†¦ to think.It’s hard to do your best cognitive and creative work in the frenzy of the workplace. What if that frenzy were just†¦ pointless, though? If you start to think â€Å"slow,† you’ll give yourself time to ease the pressure, get creative, let your ideas simmer until they’re ready to emerge. Instead of jumping rapidly- and inefficiently- from task to task, try deliberately slowing down. You might be amazed at how much time you actually have in a given day when working effectively instead of in a frenzy.2. Your rational brain kicks in.You’ll be more confident in your ideas and decisions when you make them mindfully. Move away from your super fast automatic or â€Å"sympathetic† nervous system and those knee-jerk reactions, and towards the slower, more logical â€Å"parasympathetic† nervous system. You’ll get out of mental loops and autopilot and come to more logical decisions about which you can be more confident.3. Your listening skills improve.Are you frantically tuning people out, smiling and nodding because you’re just too busy to put down your task and listen? Curb this common behavior and learn to truly process the ideas and concerns of others. You never know when this might help you find the missing piece to a personal puzzle, or gain more respect and traction among your coworkers.4. You’ll make fewer mistakes.Working this way, slowing your pace to be more meticulous and measured, means that you’ll make fewer mist akes. And the mistakes you do make will be much easier to rectify. You might even learn something and have the time and space to internalize that lesson before moving on.5. Your brain will remember how to act.This kind of practice is also great because it will eventually train your brain to slow down and work this way automatically. Soon it won’t be a project, but just the way you work.6.  You can eliminate unnecessary work.Sometimes busy work is just that†¦ busy. Working slowly can help you realize which tasks are not necessary. Save yourself and your coworkers from extraneous work. Don’t create extra tasks for yourself or others when you could concentrate on the projects that really matter.7. You’ll learn to let go of stress.Instead of chewing your nails down to the quick and tapping your feet annoyingly while waiting for coworkers to finish off their tasks, concentrate on the work on your desk. Do it right, rather than fast. And instead of concentratin g on getting everything done, try working just on the task at hand and getting it done right. Relax a little and understand that it’s just not possible to leave work every day with a blank to-do list.

Labor migration and remittances in the middle east

Labor migration and remittances in the middle east Introduction International migration is the movement of people across the global boundaries in pursuit of stability, establishment and personal growth. A research carried out by Alan and Philip indicated that this kind of movement has colossal implications in bolstering growth for both the origin and destination countries (2004.p.56). Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Labor migration and remittances in the middle east specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More According to Migration and Remittances Factbook almost two hundred million people live permanently outside their country of birth. The two key factors which have a massive implication on the migration partners are demographic factors and income differences. The issue of international migration garners massive advantages to all the parties involved in it however it has got its bottlenecks which must be tackled in order to minimize loss and abuse. In order for cou ntries to reap maximum benefits from intercontinental immigration, disruptive effects should be minimized so as to enhance the developmental impacts. Countries in the Middle East have for the past decade provided cheap labor for the developed countries through immigrants. In return they gain remittances earned by the immigrants based in the developed countries. Opponents of this trend have severely criticized it deeming it as oppressive abusing morality. These sentiments were particularly voiced because most of the learned expatriates were offered degrading menial jobs irrespective of their academic competence. The critics however fail to acknowledge the reality that immigrant literary jump at the opportunity of working in developed countries rather than waste their skills in their mother land where there are no jobs to come by. The past global financial hiccup gradually reduced the rates of immigrations at the same time stalling world economy growth. The big question that begs an answer is that, does immigration garner more benefits to the sending or the receiving country, and therefore should the trend be encouraged or disbanded? Effects On The Receiving Countries Increased economic growth: When the immigrants from developing countries flow into the developed countries such as US, Japan and Australia, they offer labor in the areas where it has been missing or deficient. When they are fully assimilated in the production or manufacturing system they contribute positively through increased labor thus causing the economy to grow.Advertising Looking for research paper on international relations? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Increased labor and labor force: Most developed countries are running short of the labor force especially in the technical and computer based jobs. This trend is very prevalent owing to the increased availability of new and modern companies in the event when immigrants come in, they help to fill in the place of missing labor and labor force in the industrial sector. Developed countries have surplus jobs, ranging from menial jobs to professional jobs which need laborers; by attaining easy and available labor from the developing countries, they are able to maximize on their production hence growth and advancement (Angrist Andrian, 2002.p.49). There are shared benefits accrued to movement of labor force through immigrants from the developing countries to the recipient developed countries. The developed countries cheaply obtain skilled labor force and utilize them in the production and the technical based jobs. As Moses (2001) notes, the trend of obtaining labor force from the developing countries is likely to increase due to the increased use of computer technology and the minimal availability of jobs in the developing countries (p.52). Increased technical skills: In essence developing countries import capital from other countries and this expands their production capacities helping them to have bounty in economic growth. There is a notable technological growth in the host countries owing to the influx of technical expatriates from the developing countries. The immigrants bring in the needed technical skills and help in broadening the spread of technical skills in the recipient countries. Reduced cost of production: increased work force afforded by the immigrants help the developed countries in provision of cheap labor in manufacturing and production companies so that their companies have a chance to grow as they can afford to easily expand as they cut down on the production cost. The developed countries have been working in consensus with the developing countries to erase the trade of labor exploitation so that the immigrants cross borders under secure conditions, they are offered good enumerations and that their working conditions are made cheap. This enhances benefit for both the developed and developing countries. In comparis on to other income flows to the developing countries remittance, inflows surpass private capital flows and authorized development aid (Smith Barry, 1997.p.32). When developed countries offer immigrants jobs they help in reducing the borrowing trend associated with the developing countries. Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Labor migration and remittances in the middle east specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In many cases when people migrate and are adopted in other countries they tend to stay and send money back home. Mora and Taylor (2005) suggest that economic gains accrued to migration and remittances to Middle east countries garner more advantages for both the sending and the receiving countries and should thus be encouraged (p.70) Whilst the developing countries might have surplus labor force owing deficiency in industrial growth, the developed countries offer a solution to this deficiency by availing job opportunities to the immigrants from the developing countries affording them a chance to grow and enhance growth in their mother land. Receiving countries who import labor from the developing countries in the Middle East such as US, Canada and Australia garner myriad benefits since they are able to get the missing labor force from the high skilled immigrants from the developing countries. The immigrants offer a pool of diversified labor force which is normally affordable. The receiving countries afford job opportunities to the in flowing immigrants and this increases their productivity at the same time cutting down on cost of production, two factors which aid to bolster economic growth in the developed countries. Moreover, the presence of immigrants has a trickle effect on the general global economy. Effects On The Sending Countries. When people migrate and take their labor force to another country the trend is termed as brain drain this trend is also termed as human capital flight (Schiff,2002.p.64) There are innumerable reasons why people opt to leave their country of origin to pursue establishment and financial stability in other countries. Some reasons include internal conflicts, lack of job opportunities, presence of health hazards and general economic instability. In Middle East brain drain occurs because people are pursuing better working conditions, and good salary wages in the developing countries. For the past thirty years according to†¦many bright and prospective talented people have moved to developing countries in order to attain stability, security and financial break through. The flow in remittances garners a lot of foreign income for both the sending and the receiving countries. The receiving country obtains labor which translates to income and in return they pay their workers wages which are then siphoned to their country of origin translating to foreign income. Advertising Looking for research paper on international relations? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The sending countries have remittances as a source of private income, because the people who migrate to other countries earn money and send it back to their mother countries. This way the sending countries get direct source of foreign income through the immigrants. Foreign income enables them to advance and embrace growth which would have been impossible without the remittances. Remittance flows cannot be compared to aid flows and neither can they be treated as debts they form a direct source of stability and income to the sending countries. This is because the money is not taxed and neither is it repaired with interest like in the case with debts. Owing to the reduced cost of remittance flows the migrants families reap maximum benefits. When there is foreign income flow into the sending countries the level of consumption increases and this bolsters a country’s credit worthiness. When a country becomes credit worthy it becomes empowered to have external borrowings which furt her aid in economic advancement and growth. Research carried out in Middle East established that immigration improved the level of education in that young people left their countries and went to developed countries where they harnessed advanced education which affords good quality professionals to their home countries (SingerTandon, 1998.p.13). Another key benefit associated with immigration is increased savings which come as a result remittance in flows by the people who migrate to work outside the developing countries. There is also a notable trend of heightened macro economic stability. Stability comes as a result of money flowing from the immigrants in the developed countries. When people in the home countries get the remittances they are empowered to build their lives, acquire good education and improve their way of living. As a result of remittance inflows, in the Middle East people get capital which helps them to start up their own business enterprises hence there is increas ed entrepreneurship with trickle effect on the economic growth of the developing countries. In Middle East where the trend of poverty is highly prevalent, remittances help to assuage this trend since it affords people extra money which heightens their chances to acquire businesses or educational stability evading the pang of poverty. There is notable social inequality in the Middle East owing to diversity in culture and the myriad cultural factors miring the countries. When people are empowered financially they bridge the rift which creates social inequality creating a stable society Research has projected a perturbing trend that is arising due to the movement of people across the globe in pursuit of stability (Alan Philip, 2004). There is a looming prospect of demographic imbalances for instance the number of men going to the developed countries is increasingly high and this brings gender imbalance which may affects population growth and development. On the other hand there could be labor imbalance when all the young, educated and energetic young move to the developing countries laving the elderly who are unable to produce labor force in high magnitude A huge mass of the immigrants from the Middle East is siphoned to developing countries like The US, Europe, Japan, UAE and Canada. Most of the people hired from Middle East find place in the receiving countries in the production and transport sector a small percentage is normally absorbed in the technical and the professional field. The major challenge broaching the Middle East countries as far as migration and remittance are concerned is brain drain. A lot of the young people have been compelled to think that the only way they can make it in life is by moving to the developed countries, this they do at the peril o their developing countries. It’s unfortunate that the people who move out to the developed countries form the top cream of the developing countries and this deprives them of the profession al human resource. This challenge poses a perturbing dilemma to the developing countries because the graduates are siphoned out a lot of resource is wasted to bring up such individuals yet the countries don’t reap the anticipated benefits. When young people are brain drained the resources invested in them in order to attain education are wasted since they are never ploughed back into the economy. It must however be noted that the immigrants who leave their countries to pursue better opportunities in the developed countries also remit funds to their mother countries hence the loss is minimal. There is great fear that once young people get to put their attained skills into better use in destination countries. The developing countries cannot however blame young people for pursuing their professional careers in other countries because they have failed to offer the much needed job opportunities to the young vibrant generation. Conclusion There have been many arguments extended to gainsay the very trendy immigration drift which has been increasing at a spiraling spate. Critics have it that the trend causes brain drain and deprives the developing countries in Middle East of their best available human resources. Obviously, there are myriad issued accrued to this trend which raise a lot of concern; it must however, be noted that immigration and remittance play a massive role in filling in the gap where the developed countries have failed. Whilst, the developing countries have labor force they lack the mechanism and the market to assimilate them hence immigrations comes in hardy to solve the crisis offering jobs and foreign remittances. It can therefore be stated that both the receiving and the sending countries mutually benefit from this symbiotic kind of relation the only measure necessary is for the both groups to agree and set up a platform on which to operate so that non of the parties is exploited or misused in the trade. Ultimately the whole globe stands to befit from the advantages accrued to immigration and remittances in the international trade. References Angrist, J Adriana K. (2002). Is the European Labour Market Protective or Counter-Productive? Centre for Economic Policy Research: London. Alan J. and Philip O. (2004). Understanding the monetary Impact of U.S. Immigration. Journal On American Economic Review Vol 23 p 123-125 Mora, G, and Taylor J. (2005). How to Determine Migration, objective and Sector Choice. DC: World Bank. Moses, J. (2001). The Economic of the Labor pool In the International Market. The Institute for the Study of Civil Society: London. Schiff, M (2002). Trade, Migration and Welfare. The Impact of Social Capital.Vol 36, 13-52 Singer, N. and Tandon R. (1998). (eds.) Globalization and the International Labor Trend. Journal of Technology, and Trade in the 21st Century. New Delhi: B. R. Publishers. Smith, P., and Barry E. (1997). Americans new economic perspective: Economic, Demographic and financial Effects of Immigration. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.

The Business Environment in Relation to Morrisons Essay

The Business Environment in Relation to Morrisons - Essay Example The details further establish the salient use of the variables in rebuilding the supermarkets’ strategic framework. The company’s factors of success Morrisons has competently claimed its position in the U.Ks retail market through the lead in delivery of quality food and groceries. The supermarket chain has grown tremendously after merging with Safeways Company. Morrisons currently has the capability to make on-point deliveries effectively than the competitors. The outlet discovered that, some of its drawbacks resulted from poor distribution and delivery channels. Therefore, it strategized accordingly, and in the modern day, the company has a neat flow of goods to reach the final consumer via the outlets it established. The company has reduced the overall overheads through the procurement of privately owned transportation means, and outlets. The company enjoys customer loyalty through the delivery of quality goods satisfactorily at the time that the consumer may perceive the need (Henry, 2008: 66). Morrisons Company seeks to deliver value profitably to the consumer for mutual benefits. It first establishes customers’ needs and determines the most pressing that call for immediate attention. The company wins over the competition through intense research to ascertain any changes in the markets and the availability of new markets. Suppliers’ core value to a business is to deliver materials and inventories. Morrisons realized that, their suppliers were incompetent and the costs of sourcing them were relatively high. Therefore, the supermarket has established supply chains thus, resulting to reduced costs of materials and effective distribution of products to its various chain stores. The main factors towards the growth of supermarkets are; customer satisfaction, reduced costs hence considerably low prices, and effective delivery of quality products (Bensoussan & Fleisher, 2008: 68). The supermarket has continuously erected food stores in a n attempt to reach all entire market, which still remains inadequately catered for. Through the strategic mission and vision statements, the company propels the set plans and strategies to achieving its goals and objectives. Morrisons’ vision and mission statements express their practices inertly, and more emphasis relates to customer satisfaction. The company enjoys economies of scale by the fast and the effective rate of diversification of investment.  

The Relationship Between Social Class and Gender in Jane Eyre Essay

The Relationship Between Social Class and Gender in Jane Eyre - Essay Example Jane's father was a poor clergyman, on the fringes of middle class, and her mother in marrying him had lost the name and advantages of her own superior social standing, so they both lacked a well defined social status and the situation became worse as they left her an orphan. As Susan Fraiman says, both Jane's parents were "socially ambiguous, and this ambiguity is part of their legacy to Jane" (616). This ambiguous station in life leaves her open to statements like: "No; you are less than a servant, for you do nothing for your keep†. To this, the pressures of her gender add up, even the servants tend to sympathize with her less, because of her lack of good looks: â€Å""Yes," responded Abbot; "if she were a nice, pretty child, one might compassionate her forlornness; but one really cannot care for such a little toad as that." "Not a great deal, to be sure," agreed Bessie: "at any rate, a beauty like Miss Georgiana would be more moving in the same condition."† (Chapter 3) Jane is conscious of her social ambiguity and disadvantage in terms of femininity and its charms : â€Å"A Victorian woman's value resides chiefly in her femaleness† (Archibald, 8), and she seeks to overcome both through mental discipline in Lowood, where she does gain an education, only to become another socially ambiguous figure in Victorian England, a governess. This was the only respectable option open to a single woman without a family, or even money or connections enough to get suitably married

Investigating the Environmental Disaster in the Gulf of Mexico Essay

Investigating the Environmental Disaster in the Gulf of Mexico - Essay Example This has seriously impacted the human values of not causing harm to others. Thesis Statement: The purpose of this paper is to investigate the complexity and link between sustainability issues including natural laws and human values; and determine the ways in which human systems and ecosystems are linked. and the ethics of not causing harm (George 242). Moral law is a free will approach which gives people the freedom to decide the way in which they should act. â€Å"Moral law theory is morally absolute, not relativistic, connecting human nature and ethical life† (Houser et al 22). Ethical laws are natural, that is they apply to all human beings, irrespective of individual customs and beliefs. Significantly, natural laws are non-consequential, and the consequences of an act are not brought into the ethical analysis. In this respect, it is evident that the oil spill causing extensive destruction is the consequence of installing the particular oil rig, and this outcome is not included in the ethical analysis of the situation. According to natural law, human life has absolute value, hence a single life cannot be sacrificed to save several lives. Thus, it is in contrast with the utilitarian view of cost and benefit, and of achieving the greatest good for the greatest number of people (Houser et al 22). Additionally, natural law requires that moral judgments should take into account the intentions of the persons performing the act. In the oil rig disaster, it is not possible to make any moral judgment of right or wrong based on the intentions of the British Petroleum Company, since the occurrence of such a magnitude, which has caused extensive financial losses for the company was not deliberately intended to happen by them. However, the element of carelessness towards ensuring thorough safety in all aspects appears to have played a part in the catastrophe. The ongoing leakage from the oil well in the Gulf of Mexico, 48 miles

Structural Components Of Suspension Bridge Engineering Essay

Structural Components Of Suspension Bridge Engineering Essay INTRODUCTION Suspension bridge is a type of bridge in which the road way or the deck is suspended below the suspension cables. It is a simplest form of bridge which was made of rope and wood in olden days. The modern Suspension bridge developed was in 19th century. In those bridges the cables are carried by using vertical suspender. The two ends of the cables are suspended on towers. The weight of the bridge is transferred to the anchorage system by cables. The anchorage is fixed firmly on concrete blocks or solid rocks .In order to distribute the load evenly and also to protect the cables from breaking, the cables are spread over a large area inside the anchorage. Historical Background In early times human beings found it very difficult to cross the stream and a deep gorge to survive. A successful solution found out by early people was to drop a tree between the two banks of the deep flowing stream. This results in the idea of simple beam bridge in early times. Early bridges were made of post and lintel structures, stones or timber or the combination of the both. Later on the use of bamboo or simple rope gave rise to the development of rope suspension bridge. Central and South America and are the first to use rope suspension bridge. stock-photo-rope-bridge-suspension-bridge-35093119.jpg Figure:1 ROPE SUSPENSION BRIDGE Later on the chain cables were developed when the wrought iron bars became locally available. The first bridge constructed using chain cables were James Finleyà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢s in Westmoreland country, Pennsylvania in 1801.In early British chain bridges the notable one was Menai bridge with 176m span. One of the longest parbolic arc chain was Clifton Suspension bridge. menai-bridge.jpg Figure :2 MENAI BRIDGE clifton-suspension-bridge-bristol-gben440.jpg Figure:3 CLIFTON SUSPENSION BRIDGE After the chain cable the wire-cable was developed. Foot à ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬bridge at falls of Schuylkill was the first wire-cable suspension cable developed in 1861.The first major bridge constructed using modern methods was Joseph Chaley Grand Pont Suspendu across in Fribourg across the Sarine valley .Its construction was completed in 1834.The first major wire-cable in USA was the Wire à ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬bridge at Fairmount in Philadelphia , Pennsylvania, span of 109m and the construction was completed during 1842. A notable bridge was Niagara bridge with250m span in 1855.Later on the American Engineers was constructing Suspension Bridge with higher span length. The notable one among them was are Ambassadar bridge in Detroit with 564m span in 1927, George Washington Bridge in New York with 1006m span in 1931 and Golden Gate Bridge in San Francisco in 1937.Among the parallel wire cables the Otto Beit bridge outside USA was the first Suspension bridge constructed with modern techniqu es. golden_gate.jpg Figure :4 GOLDEN GATE BRIDGE STRUCTURAL COMPONENTS OF SUSPENSION BRIDGE Figure 5 Structural Components of Suspension bridge The above figure shows the structural components of a three span Suspension bridge. The different parts of a suspension bridge are Main Cables which support the deck and transfer the loadings to the supporting tower and anchorages. Deck suspended from the main cables. Towers to support the main cables. Hangers which is used to connect main cables and deck Anchorages to which the ends of the main cables are connected to protect it against any movements. 1. CABLES The main function of cables is to support the deck which carries the traffic loadings and to transfer these traffic loadings to the towers and anchorages by direct tension forces. Cables are made of high strength steel wires. The tensile strength of the wire is 1550N/mm2. The cables of the Akashi Kaikyo bridge in Japan is made of wires having high strength with minimum tensile strength of 1800 N/mm2.The steel rods from which the wires are manufactured are having higher carbon content. The wire with high tensile strength is obtained by cold drawing the wire. After the final drawing the wire is galvanized for corrosion protection. 301678.jpg Figure 6 AKASHI KAIKYO BRIDGE Different types of cables a.Spiral Bridge Strands Spiral bridge strands are manufactured by winding several layer of round steel wires in a helical shape onto a straight centre core wire. When layers of wire are laid it should be made sure that an opposite helix to the preceding layer should be laid. Due to twisting of wires spiral strands gets self-compacted under axial loading. As a result of this when the strand is first loaded, non elastic stretch occurs. So in order that the strand should behave elastically, the twisting of wire should be avoided during manufacture. Examples of bridges that have used spiral bridge strand are Tancarville bridge (france) with span length 608m, Cable size is 56no, Diameter of strand is 72mm.Constuction was completed during 1959 Lillebaelt bridge (Denmark) with span length 600m, Cable size 55no, Diameter of strand is 68.7mm and 6no 41.4mm diameter strands. Construction was completed during 1969. Figure 7 Spiral bridge Strand b.Locked Coil Strand Locked coil strands is manufactured in the same way as the spiral strands is manufactured. The only difference between the two is that in locked coil strand the final layer of wires are made up of interlocking Z-shaped wires. As a result of this proportion of the cross sectional area of strand to wire area increases, also a smooth exterior surface is obtained .Examples of bridges that have used Locked coil strands are Tamar bridge (UK) with span length 335m cable size 31no, Diameter of strand is 60mm.Construction was completed during 1961. Rodenkirchan bridge (Germany) with span length 378m, Cable size 37no, Diameter of strand is 69mm.Construction was completed during 1954. Askay bridge (Norway) with span length 850m, Cables size 21no, Diameter of strand is 99mm.Construction is completed during 1993. There are two types of arrangements that can be provided for spiral strands and locked coil strands. One of them is close packed hexagonal formation which has the advantage that the cross-section can be circularized when aluminium or plastic spacer are added and then wrapped properly against corrosion. The other one is an open rectangular array which is rarely used and doesnot have any wrapping operation as in closed packed hexagonal formation. The cable bands are simple fabricated structure. The disadvantage of open rectangular array is that on increasing wind load on the cable it is difficult to conduct inspection and maintenance on the inner strands. c. Parallel wire cable In parallel wire cables, several individual wire over the whole cable length is laid straight and parallel. It is constructed in two ways, by aerial insitu spinning of the wires or by prefabricated parallel wire strands. Insitu span cables : The aerial spinning method was developed during the 19th century and it was mostly used in long span suspension bridge. In this method using the spinning wheel two or four loops of wire are pulled from one anchorage to the other. During each movement of the wheel, required sag is provided to the wire and the cables are assembled. Prefabricated parallel wire bands: In prefabricated parallel wire strands bundles of wires are bound together by keeping plastic tapes at intervals and are prefabricated into hexagonal shaped strands. At each end sockets are fitted. The Akashi kaikyo bridge was the first bridge to use the longest prefabricated parallel wire strands with 127 wire strands, with average strand length of 4073m. 2. DECK The main function of deck is to support the load. The deck is suspended on the main cables by using vertical hangers. The most important load that the deck has to carry is the traffic loadings. The self weight of deck should be low because the deck is carried by the cables. Stiffening girders should be provided in the deck to transfer the loads from the deck to hanger. 3.TOWERS The main function of tower is to support the main cable. The ends of the main cable is connected to the tower which at a sufficient height to provide cable sag. Tower also support the stiffening girder and side span. The initial loadings on the tower will be the vertical load acting at the top of the tower, applied by the main cables, together with the loads acting on cable and bridge deck due to wind load and load acting on stiffening girder. Flexible fixed base are provided for the tower and cable saddles are fixed on the top of the tower. Due to this type of arrangement any movement in the cable saddle due to varying load will result in the longitudinal bending of the tower legs 4.HANGERS The main function of hangers is to connect the bridge deck and stiffening girder to the main cables .Vertical hangers are used with equal intervals along the span. Based on using one or two parts of rope, there are two types of hangers. Two part hangers Two part hanger was used in long span suspension bridges. In this type of hanger the arrangement is in such way that over the main cables the hanger is drapped which is located in the groove of corresponding cable band. Using sockets the bottom ends of the two rope of the hanger are connected to the deck. Hangers are usually made of steel wire rope Single part hangers Single part hangers ends on the underneath of the cable and it is connected to the lower part of the corresponding cable band by a socket and pin connections. The lower end of the hanger is connected to the deck using simple bearing socket. This type of hanger is made up of spiral strand or parallel wires 5.ANCHORAGES The main function of anchorage is to support the ends of the main cable and to prevents any movements in the main cable by transferring the force from the main cable to the ground. Since the anchorage has to resist a large force the design of anchorages is very tough unless the ground on which the anchorage is to be positioned is good and also if sound rock is available in the ground. Avantages and Disadvantages of Suspension bridges Avantages 1.When compared to other bridges, higher spans can be provided for the main span in suspension bridge. 2. Construction cost can be reduced in Suspension bridge due to less material used when compared to other bridges 3. No access is required below during construction of suspension bridge when compared to other bridges. Only for the installation of initial temporary cables the access is required. 4.Suspension bridge can prevent earthquake movements than other bridges. 5. Suspension bridge can be constructed at heights above the waterways to allow the passage of tall ships. Disadvantage Bridge deck vibrating due to heavy wind is prevented using aerodynamic profiling. The deck stiffness of suspension bridge when compared to other bridges is very low. Due to this it makes the bridge very difficult to carry heavy rail traffic. The foundation work is costly and requires more area to combat the effect of heavy load on foundation towers ,when Suspension bridge is constructed on soft ground. NON LINEAR ANALYSIS OF SUSPENSION BRIDGE Suspension bridges was considered as the most efficient and remarkable in architectural appearance when compared to other structural systems. But suspension bridge has more tendency to get deformed due to the asymmetrical loadings. This kind of displacement is called as kinematical diaplacements. There are many ways to reduce the kinematical displacements in suspension bridges. One of the method is, if flexible cables are used in suspension bridges the local bending stiffness is taken into account while analyzing the stress-strain state. Other method to reduce kinematical displacement is to use rigid cables instead of flexible cables. Standard hot rolled or welded sections are used to make the structural elements. Also by using rigid cables it provides the required stiffness for the suspension bridge. The technique is not accurate but can be used or rough calculation. For analysing the suspension bridge made of flexible cables or rigid cables there are some numerical methods. The analysis of suspension bridge made of flexible cable is very difficult when the non-linear behavior is concerned. So it is analyzed based on the assumption that the main cables are made of flexible cables ,when only dead load is acting on the bridge its shape is parabola, all other structural elements are made of ideally elastic material, through out the span of the bridge the bending stiffness of the girder is assumed to be constant, the displacements in the hanger is neglected and the load acting on the cable is considered to be uniform. The loading is in such a way that dead load acts on the cable, the stiffening girder and cable supports the live load. By using these assumption the non-linear analysis is done using certain equations.But while analysisng suspension cables with rigid cables these assumptions are not applicable. In rigid cables there is always some bendi ng stiffness.Also the cables are made up of standard welded or steel sections for the suspension bridge to be initially a stabilized. Grigorjevaet al. (2006) proposed a technique for the analysis of suspension bridge with rigid cables. CASE STUDY Dynamic Response of the Suspension Span of the SAN FRANSICO-OAKLAND BAY BRIDGE The dynamic seismic analysis of the suspension span of San Fransico-Oakland bay bridge was modelled to make astudy on the effects on suspension bridge due to ground motions. Due to the combined effect of motions due to tectonic displacements and seismic waves ,ground motions are developed near-fault regions for along period. In olden days the seismic design codes for the structures were used based on the past experiences and the historical ground motion instrument and signal processing methods were not accurate.So it was very difficult to measure the ground motions. But the development of Modern broad-band, digital instruments helped in measuring the near-fault motions.The effect of long period motion is different for flexible and rigid structures. Rigid bodies will have a natural frequency higher than 0.2Hz and for longer wavelength seismic waves it behaves as a rigid body. But for flexible bodies the natural frequency will be low. Using a finite-element modeling software the structure is modeled.The deck model is a combination of truss,membrane and sway stiffness elements.The steel braced tower is represented by fibre bending elements and the bridge cable is represented by tension-only cable element.The advantage of modelling the structure in this way helps to reduce the degree of freedom which is an essential aspect in the repose of suspension bridge. After the gravity initialization is completed as described in detil by McCallen and Astaneh,2000 ,the explicit integration scheme for non-linear analysis of earthquake motion is done. The ground motions in the near by areas will be affected by various reasons like the superposition of seismic waves, site geological response etc. The effect of these parameters may vary for different ruptures happening in future and these rupture may cause changes displacement in ground, velocities and accelarations. In this study the effect of rupture and wave propagation were studied by providing a parallel and finite difference in computational simulation of the rupture,a three dimensional finite difference calculation, empirical Green function and at seven points in San Fransico-Oakland Bay Bridge the ground motion is computed. By doing the above said it was found out that the far field in the near source can result in fault with periods of 0.2 to 0.5s due to directivity effects and the near field arrivals can result in fault with periods of 0.2 to 0.1 s due to tectonic movements. There are chances for these long period arrivals to accur along with the future earthquakes along the Hayward or San Andreas faults which is nearby San Franciso-Oakland bay Bridge and it will affect the long span bridges in San Fransico bridge. Along the Hayward fault ,five locations along the suspension span of western San Fransico two rupture model were synthesized for a ground motion of Mw =7.25.These were consid ered as mean and other one as standard deviation models.They were represented as HAY06 and HAY31.The ground displacements at the bridge generated was greater for the mean fault than the standard deviation but the standard deviation produced more acceleration and long durations.Analysis of the model has shown that the mean model produced more stress than the standard deviation. The response of Bay bridge is computed against the ground motion from the rupture model HAY06.Due to this displacements occur which indicates that the flexible deck cannot respond as fast as the towers when large displacement occurs. The tower motion lags and then the deck starts to respond when the tower returns with the ground.

Diabetes :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Since diabetes is such a complex disease with many different forms, I decided to focus on diabetes type I. This is known as insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). This type of diabetes includes people who are dependant on injections of insulin on a daily basis in order to satisfy the bodies insulin needs, they cannot survive without these injections.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In order to understand the disease you need to know about insulin. Insulin is a hormone. The role of insulin is to convert the food we eat into various useful substances, discarding everything that is wasteful.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  It is the job of insulin to see that the useful substances are put to best use for our well-being. The useful substances are used for building cells, are made ready for immediate expenditure as energy and also stored for later energy expenditure. Insulin comes from the beta cells which are located in the pancreas. In the case of diabetes type I almost all of the beta cells have been destroyed. Therefore daily injections of insulin become essential to life.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The cause of diabetes is an absolute or lack of the hormone insulin. As a result of this lack of insulin the processes that involve converting the foods we eat into various useful substances does not occur.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  One of the products that is of vital importance in our bodies is glucose, a simple carbohydrate sugar which is needed by virtually every part of our body as fuel to function.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Insulin controls the amount of glucose distributed to vital organs and also the muscles. In diabetics due to the lack of insulin and therefore the control of glucose given to different body parts they face death if they don't inject themselves with insulin daily.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Since strict monitoring of diabetes is needed for the control of the disease, little room is left for carelessness. As a result, diabetic patients are susceptible to many other diseases and ser-ious conditions if a proper course of treatment is not followed.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Other diseases a diabetic is open to: Cardiovascular disease, stroke, Peripheral artery disease, gangrene, kidney disease, blindness, hypertension, nerve damage, impotence etc.